For couples that find themselves in the US immigration system, waiting for a spouse visa can be an emotionally exhausting process. Whether you’re newly married or you’ve been separated for too long, the question is always the same—how long will it take to get a spouse visa?

The reality is that U.S. spouse visa processing times are longer than ever, and there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. Immigration authorities are enforcing greater scrutiny on applications, and bureaucratic backlogs, changing policies and security checks all play a role in determining how long it will take. Some couples see approvals in under a year, while others wait several years before finally reuniting. The difference often comes down to the type of visa, the sponsor’s status, and the efficiency of the application itself.

However, it is possible to avoid unnecessary delays. While you can’t control how quickly USCIS or the National Visa Center moves, you can make sure your application is thorough, well-documented, and free of mistakes.

In this guide, we break down the latest spouse visa processing times, the factors that affect wait times, and how to avoid common pitfalls that slow things down.

 

Spouse visa processing times

 

Processing times vary for example depending on the type of spouse visa application being made and the circumstances of the case. To illustrate, we look at common spouse visa scenarios:

 

Spouses of US Citizens

 

• Applying from Outside the US  underConsular Processing: The process involves filing Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative) and, upon approval, proceeding through consular processing. The average processing time is approximately 14.3 months.
• Applying from Within the US through Adjustment of Status: If the non-U.S. spouse is lawfully present in the U.S., they may file Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status) concurrently with Form I-130. The typical processing time is around 9.3 months.

 

Spouses of Lawful Permanent Residents (Green Card Holders)

 

• Applying from Outside the US: After the approval of Form I-130, applicants must wait for a visa number to become available, as these are subject to annual limits. The total processing time can be approximately 35 months.
• Applying from Within the US through Adjustment of Status: Similar to consular processing, the total time, including waiting for visa availability and application processing, is about 35 months.

 

K-3 Visa for Spouses of US Citizens

 

The K-3 visa is designed to allow spouses of US citizens to enter the US while awaiting the approval of their immigrant visa petition. However, due to processing times and the availability of concurrent filing for Form I-130 and Form I-485, the K-3 visa is now rarely utilized. When pursued, the processing time can vary but often aligns closely with or exceeds that of direct consular processing.

 

 

Visa Category	Applicant’s Location	Processing Time	Notes
Spouse of U.S. Citizen (IR1/CR1 Visa)	Outside the US	Approximately 14.3 months	Includes Form I-130 processing and consular processing.
Spouse of U.S. Citizen (Adjustment of Status)	Within the US	Approximately 9.3 months	Concurrent filing of Form I-130 and Form I-485.
Spouse of Lawful Permanent Resident (F2A Visa)	Outside or within the US	Approximately 35 months	Subject to visa availability; includes waiting period for visa number.

 

 

Factors influencing the U.S. spouse visa processing time

 

Spouse visa processing times can vary widely based on several factors. Each case is unique, and delays can arise due to administrative, legal, or personal circumstances. Understanding these factors can help applicants better anticipate potential wait times and prepare accordingly.

 

USCIS Workload and Processing Backlogs

USCIS receives thousands of spouse visa applications each year. The volume of applications at a given time affects how quickly cases are processed. If a USCIS service center is experiencing a high workload or is understaffed, applications may take longer to be reviewed. The processing times for specific service centers are published on the USCIS website, and applicants should check these regularly to track updates.

 

Visa Category and Sponsoring Spouse’s Status

Processing times differ depending on whether the sponsoring spouse is a U.S. citizen or a lawful permanent resident. Spouses of U.S. citizens typically experience faster processing times since they fall under the immediate relative category, which does not have annual visa caps. In contrast, spouses of lawful permanent residents must wait for a visa number to become available, which can lead to significantly longer processing times due to annual limits on F2A visa availability.

 

Form I-130 and USCIS Petition Processing Time

The initial step in the spouse visa process involves filing Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative). USCIS processing times for this form can vary based on the service center handling the case. Some service centers have shorter wait times, while others experience delays due to higher caseloads. Applicants can check processing time estimates based on their assigned service center on the USCIS website.

 

Consular Processing vs. Adjustment of Status

Spouses applying from outside the United States must go through consular processing, which involves additional steps such as scheduling an interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate. Wait times for visa interviews depend on the specific embassy or consulate’s backlog, staffing levels, and local conditions. Spouses applying from within the United States may opt for adjustment of status if eligible, which eliminates the need for consular processing but still requires USCIS adjudication, biometrics, and possibly an interview.

 

Security and Background Checks

USCIS and the Department of State conduct thorough background checks on all spouse visa applicants. These checks include criminal history screenings, national security reviews, and immigration violation records. If an applicant has a prior history of overstaying a visa, a criminal record, or security concerns, their case may undergo additional administrative processing, which can extend the timeline significantly.

 

Medical Examination and Vaccination Requirements

A medical examination is required for all spouse visa applicants. If there are any discrepancies in medical records, missing vaccinations, or the need for additional medical tests, the application process may be delayed. In some cases, an applicant may need to obtain waivers for certain medical conditions, further prolonging the processing time.

 

Request for Evidence (RFE) or Additional Documentation

If USCIS determines that an application is missing essential documents or if there is insufficient proof of a bona fide marriage, they may issue a Request for Evidence (RFE). This delays processing until the applicant submits the requested information. Common reasons for RFEs include incomplete financial documentation, insufficient relationship evidence, or unclear legal history.

 

Interview Scheduling and Availability

Both USCIS and U.S. embassies require applicants to attend an interview before final approval. Scheduling delays may occur due to limited appointment availability, staffing shortages, or high application volumes at specific locations. Some consulates may have long wait times for interviews, particularly in countries with high demand for U.S. visas.

 

Errors or Incomplete Applications

Mistakes in application forms, missing signatures, or incorrect fees can lead to rejections or delays. USCIS will return incomplete applications, requiring applicants to correct errors and refile, adding extra months to the processing timeline. Ensuring all forms are completed accurately and all required documents are submitted at the outset can prevent unnecessary delays.

 

Changes in Immigration Policies and Processing Priorities

Immigration policies can shift based on government regulations, executive orders, or changes in USCIS operational priorities. Processing times may be affected if resources are redirected to address other immigration-related matters. Policy updates regarding documentation requirements or eligibility rules can also impact how quickly spouse visas are processed.

 

Country-Specific Processing Delays

Certain countries have higher visa application volumes or unique processing requirements that can contribute to delays. Political instability, travel restrictions, and administrative backlogs at specific U.S. embassies or consulates may affect the speed at which spouse visa cases are handled. Applicants from high-demand countries should expect longer processing times due to visa interview waitlists.

 

Pandemic-Related or Emergency Delays

Global events such as health emergencies, natural disasters, or diplomatic concerns can impact processing times. If embassies and consulates experience temporary closures or reduced capacity, interview scheduling and case processing may be delayed. Applicants should monitor government updates for any announcements that could affect their visa timelines.

 

Tips to avoid spouse visa processing delays

 

Generally speaking, processing leadtimes are becoming longer across all US visa applications, as immigration authorities enforce greater scrutiny of petitions.

While processing times are generally taking longer, applicants are advised to do as much as they can to avoid issues or delays with their petition that could further protract processing. Variables such as authority caseload and staffing levels will also impact processing, but there are steps visa applicants can take to step up to the heightened scrutiny of petitions and reduce the risk of delays in processing:

 

Check you meet the eligibility requirements

 

Before you make any application, first confirm you meet the eligibility requirements under the relevant classification. Applying under the wrong category or failing to meet basic requirements can result in an automatic rejection or a lengthy delay.

Financial sponsorship requirements, for example, are closely assessed by adjudicators. Thresholds vary by state and by the size of your immediate family.

For example, for a marriage-based Green Card, the visa sponsor (the US citizen or lawful permanent resident) must evidence income per annum of at least 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines. The required income amount will increase if there are dependent children in the household.

If the sponsoring spouse does not meet the financial requirement, they may need to secure a joint sponsor, which requires additional paperwork and processing time. Taking legal advice can help ensure you are meeting the correct threshold for your circumstances and avoid unnecessary delays due to financial ineligibility.

 

Complete the correct form accurately and in full

 

The forms are highly prescriptive and must be completed in full and with complete disclosure. Even minor errors can lead to substantial delays.

Before filing, have the completed form triple-checked. Issues such as incorrect spellings, wrong addresses, missing signatures, or outdated contact details can cause significant delays or result in an application being rejected outright.

During the visa interview, the applicant will be asked to confirm and corroborate the information provided in the application form. Inconsistencies will be flagged and queried, which could trigger additional review and slow down the process.

Information will also be cross-referenced with government databases. Details relating, for example, to past criminal convictions, prior immigration history, or previous visa denials should be provided honestly to avoid allegations of immigration fraud. If there are any concerns, it is advisable to seek legal guidance before filing, as additional documentation such as a waiver of inadmissibility may be required.

 

Compile & submit supporting documents

This is perhaps the area that causes the most confusion and delay for visa applications.

US immigration authorities are closely scrutinizing applications at every stage, from the initial submission of Form I-130 to the visa interview. This demands strong and complete documentary evidence to verify eligibility and rebut any potential objections.

Identifying and sourcing acceptable and appropriate documents will be critical. Some key areas of concern include:

 

• Proof of a Genuine Marriage: Spousal visa applicants must submit evidence that their marriage is legitimate. This can include marriage certificates, joint financial records, lease agreements, travel history together, photographs, and communication records. A lack of strong supporting evidence can lead to RFEs or even visa denials.
• Financial Evidence: Tax returns, W-2 forms, bank statements, and proof of employment must be submitted to prove financial eligibility. If the sponsor is self-employed, additional documentation, such as business tax filings and profit/loss statements, may be required.
• Police and Medical Records: The applicant must provide police clearance certificates from all countries lived in for over six months and undergo a medical examination by an authorized physician. Failure to submit these on time can delay processing.
• Translation of Documents: Any documents not in English must be accompanied by certified translations. Incorrect or uncertified translations can lead to application rejection.

 

Respond Promptly to Any Requests for Evidence

 

If USCIS requires additional documentation, they will issue a Request for Evidence (RFE). Receiving an RFE does not mean the application will be denied, but delayed responses or insufficient documentation can extend processing times significantly.

If an RFE is issued, applicants should:

 

• Carefully review the request and understand what is required.
• Gather the requested documents and ensure they are properly formatted.
• Submit all required materials before the deadline to avoid application denial.

 

Ignoring or delaying the response to an RFE can add months to the processing time, or worse, result in visa rejection.

 

Prepare well for the visa interview

 

For spouse visa applicants applying through consular processing, the visa interview at a US embassy or consulate is one of the most important steps in the process. Being well-prepared can prevent unnecessary administrative delays.

To avoid delays, applicants should:

 

• Ensure all required documents are ready and properly organized before the interview.
• Answer all questions truthfully and consistently with the application.
• Bring original copies of supporting documents, including marriage certificates, passports, financial statements, and medical exam results.

 

If the interviewing officer requires additional proof of a bona fide marriage, failure to provide strong evidence on the spot can lead to further administrative processing, delaying visa issuance.

 

Monitor Visa Bulletins and processing times

 

Spouses of US lawful permanent residents (Green Card holders) must wait for a visa number to become available before proceeding with their application. These applicants should regularly check the US Department of State Visa Bulletin to monitor their priority date.

Additionally, applicants can track processing times through:

• The USCIS processing time tool for I-130 petitions
• The National Visa Center (NVC) processing updates for immigrant visa cases
• The U.S. Embassy or Consulate website for estimated interview scheduling times

 

 

Need assistance?

 

The US immigration system is constantly evolving, with processing times and requirements subject to change. This creates unwanted uncertainty for couples who simply wish to be together in the USA.

To help navigate the spouse visa process, and for specialist advice on your US visa options and application, contact our immigration attorneys.

 

Spouse visa processing time FAQs

 

How long does it take to process a US spouse visa

Processing times depend on several factors, including the immigration status of the sponsoring spouse and whether the applicant is inside or outside the US. Spouses of US citizens generally experience faster processing than spouses of lawful permanent residents. The process typically takes between 9 and 35 months, depending on the case and the visa category.

 

Is consular processing faster than adjustment of status

For most applicants outside the US consular processing is required and takes approximately 14 to 18 months. If the applicant is already in the US and eligible for adjustment of status the process takes approximately 9 to 12 months.

 

Why do spouses of green card holders have longer wait times

Unlike immediate relatives of US citizens spouses of lawful permanent residents fall under the F2A visa category which has annual visa limits. These applicants must wait for a visa number to become available before moving forward with their application which can add significant time to the process.

 

Can I work in the US while waiting for my spouse visa

If applying from outside the US you cannot work until your visa is approved and you enter the US as a permanent resident. If applying for adjustment of status from within the US you can file Form I-765 for a work permit which allows legal employment while waiting for the green card approval.

 

What happens if USCIS issues a Request for Evidence (RFE)

If USCIS requires additional information to process your case they will issue a Request for Evidence. This must be responded to within the given deadline with the requested documents. Delays in responding or incomplete submissions can lead to further delays or even denial of the application.

 

How can I speed up my spouse visa application

While processing times largely depend on USCIS and consular workload applicants can avoid unnecessary delays by ensuring all required forms and supporting documents are complete and accurate when submitted. Using expedited processing where eligible responding promptly to RFEs and checking for visa bulletin updates can also help.

 

Are there ways to expedite spouse visa processing

In some cases an applicant may qualify for expedited processing due to urgent humanitarian reasons medical emergencies or extreme hardship. Requests must be submitted with strong supporting evidence but approvals are rare and granted at USCIS discretion.

 

What are the financial requirements for a spouse visa sponsor

The sponsoring spouse must meet the income threshold set by USCIS which is 125 percent of the federal poverty guidelines. If they do not meet this requirement a joint sponsor may be needed. Proof of income is required through tax returns bank statements and employment verification.

 

Will my spouse visa be denied if I have a past immigration violation

A past immigration violation does not automatically result in denial but it may require a waiver of inadmissibility. Common issues include prior visa overstays illegal entry or misrepresentation. Consulting an immigration attorney is advisable in such cases.

 

What should I bring to my spouse visa interview

Applicants should bring a valid passport visa appointment letter Form DS-260 confirmation page medical examination results financial support documents marriage evidence and any additional supporting materials requested by the US consulate or embassy.

 

Can I travel outside the US while my adjustment of status is pending

If applying from within the US adjustment of status applicants must obtain an advance parole document before traveling. Leaving the country without it may result in abandonment of the application.

 

What happens if my spouse visa application is denied

If denied USCIS or the consulate will provide a reason. Some denials can be overcome by submitting additional evidence or filing a waiver. If the denial is due to ineligibility the applicant may need to reapply under a different category or seek legal advice.

 

How can I check the status of my spouse visa application

Applicants can track their application using the USCIS online case status tool with their receipt number. For consular processing applicants can check the National Visa Center processing times and the visa bulletin for priority date updates.

 

Glossary

 

 

Term	Definition
Adjustment of Status	The process of applying for a green card from within the US without leaving the country.
Affidavit of Support (Form I-864)	A required form in which the sponsoring spouse agrees to financially support the immigrant spouse.
Biometrics Appointment	A required appointment where the applicant provides fingerprints, photographs, and a signature for background checks.
Consular Processing	The process of applying for an immigrant visa from outside the US through a US embassy or consulate.
Conditional Permanent Residence	A two-year green card issued to spouses married for less than two years at the time of approval.
DS-260 (Immigrant Visa Application)	An online form required for consular processing of spouse visas.
Employment Authorization Document (EAD)	A work permit allowing adjustment of status applicants to work while waiting for their green card.
F2A Visa	A family-based visa category for spouses and unmarried children of lawful permanent residents.
Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative)	The form used by a US citizen or lawful permanent resident to petition for a spouse.
Form I-129F (Petition for Alien Fiancé(e))	A petition used to apply for a K-1 fiancé(e) visa or K-3 spouse visa.
Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status)	The form used by applicants already in the US to apply for a green card.
Form I-693 (Medical Examination and Vaccination Record)	A required medical exam form completed by an approved civil surgeon.
Form I-751 (Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence)	A form used by conditional green card holders to obtain a 10-year green card.
Green Card	A document granting lawful permanent residence, allowing an immigrant to live and work permanently in the US.
Immediate Relative	A visa category that includes spouses, parents, and unmarried children under 21 of US citizens, with no annual visa limits.
Inadmissibility	A legal barrier preventing an individual from obtaining a green card due to factors such as criminal history, immigration violations, or health concerns.
Interview Waiver	In certain cases, a spouse visa applicant may be exempt from attending an in-person interview.
IR-1 Visa	An immediate relative visa for spouses of US citizens who have been married for more than two years at the time of approval.
K-3 Visa	A nonimmigrant visa allowing spouses of US citizens to enter the US while waiting for their immigrant visa.
Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR)	A foreign national granted the right to live and work permanently in the US.
Medical Examination Requirement	A mandatory health check that spouse visa applicants must complete with an approved doctor.
National Visa Center (NVC)	The agency responsible for processing immigrant visa applications before sending them to US embassies or consulates.
Petition Approval Notice	A notification from USCIS stating that a spouse visa petition has been approved.
Priority Date	The date an immigrant petition is filed, which determines when a visa number becomes available for preference-based visa applicants.
Public Charge Rule	A policy assessing whether an applicant is likely to become dependent on government assistance, which may affect visa eligibility.
Request for Evidence (RFE)	A notice from USCIS requesting additional documents or information to process an application.
Spousal Sponsorship	The process where a US citizen or lawful permanent resident files a petition to bring their spouse to the US as a permanent resident.
Targeted Employment Area (TEA)	A region with high unemployment or rural status where EB-5 investors can qualify for a reduced investment amount.
Travel Ban or Entry Restrictions	Certain countries may have restrictions that affect the ability of applicants to receive a spouse visa.
USCIS (US Citizenship and Immigration Services)	The government agency that processes immigration applications, including spouse visas.
Visa Bulletin	A monthly publication by the US Department of State that indicates visa availability for family and employment-based categories.
Visa Number Availability	For preference-based visa categories such as F2A, applicants must wait for a visa number to become available before proceeding with their application.